That’s the classical Modular Software Design. What it misses, though, is testability. If a business-module has a lot of complex business logic, it cannot be easily tested, since the business logic is mixed with the untestable infrastructure code (e.g. file system or network calls) that lies in the same module. So we need to introduce a separation, and that’s where Infrastructure-Modules come into play.
No one knows how much publishers make in return for providing these modest services, but we can guess. In 2017, the Association of Research Libraries surveyed its 123 member institutions and found they were paying a collective $1 billion in journal subscriptions every year. The ARL covers some of the biggest universities, but not nearly all of them, so let’s guess that number accounts for half of all university subscription spending. In 2023, the federal government estimated it paid nearly $380 million in article processing charges alone, and those are separate from subscriptions. So it wouldn’t be crazy if American universities were paying something like $2.5 billion to publishers every year, with the majority of that ultimately coming from taxpayers.
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